The next day, President Roosevelt appeared before a special joint session of Congress. The attack killed 2,400 soldiers, sailors, and civilians, and wounded nearly 1,200 others. The attack lasted little more than two hours, and the Japanese sunk or badly damaged eight battleships, thirteen other naval vessels, and more than 150 planes. The attack on Pearl Harbor began shortly before 8 o'clock in the morning on December 7 when Japanese planes and submarines began bombing the naval base. Naval Fleet in the Pacific to prevent it from hindering Japanese advances in Asia. The Japanese planned the Pearl Harbor attack in the hopes of destroying the U.S. By the summer of 1941, Japan's leaders felt increasingly hemmed in by a coalition of America, Britain, China, and the Dutch (the ABCD powers) and adopted overtly aggressive foreign and military policies. By isolating Japan, the United States and its allies exacerbated Japan's fears of being denied access to the resources it needed to prosecute its war in China. The strategy, however, turned out to have significant drawbacks. He also knew that it would be difficult for the United States to prepare for and fight wars simultaneously in Asia and Europe. President Franklin Roosevelt thought this strategy would let him deal with what he saw as the more pressing German problem. After the Pearl Harbor attack, the United States quickly entered World War II, declaring war against Japan the next day.Īfter Japan attacked China in 1937, the United States worked with other Western nations to try to contain and isolate Japan economically and politically although it had not yet entered World War II. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise attack against the United States at the Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii. The next day, Roosevelt appears before a special joint session of Congress, calling December 7 “a date which will live in infamy,” and asking for a declaration of war against Japan Congress does so the same day. That evening, Japan will officially declare war on the United States. Pacific fleet is significantly weakened by the loss of eight battleships and 150 planes. The attack kills 2,400 soldiers, sailors, and civilians, and wounds nearly 1,200 others. Japanese bombers attack Pearl Harbor, the major U.S. Still the act that Roosevelt signed in 1935 created a basis of social insurance that still exists to this day. And since state governments administered many of the Social Security programs, the size of benefits varied widely, especially between the North and the South. Likewise, farm laborers were ineligible for unemployment insurance. Agricultural workers (who were likely to be African Americans or Mexican Americans of both sexes) and domestic servants (often African American women) were not eligible for old-age insurance. Moreover, the programs and benefits of the Social Security Act were not distributed evenly among all Americans. The Social Security Act financed its programs through deductions from workers' paychecks, which actually stunted economic growth by muting consumer purchasing power. Subsequent amendments to the original act added many benefits, including survivor benefits if a covered worker died prematurely, disability coverage and medical benefits. ![]() Taken together, these programs represented a significant commitment to developing a welfare state in the United States. The act that Roosevelt signed included programs such as Old Age Assistance (Title I), Old Age Insurance (Title II), Unemployment Insurance (Title III), Aid to Dependent Children (Title IV), Grants for Maternal and Child Welfare (Title V) and Aid to the Blind (Title X). ![]() The Commission formally presented its recommendations to the President in January 1935. Its recommendations were to serve as the basis for legislation to be considered by Congress. It then proposed a social security program that could help people who were retired, disabled, widowed, or unemployed. In June 1934, President Roosevelt had created the Commission on Economic Security, which studied economic security, social insurance, and long-term relief programs. With high rates of poverty among the elderly, many people felt the government needed to do something to protect its citizens. ![]() On August 14, 1935, President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act, which established a Social Security Board to coordinate the payment of old-age benefits to Americans over the age of 65.Īfter the crash of the stock market in 1929, the United States sunk into the Great Depression. The act guarantees pensions to Americans over the age of 65, establishes a system of unemployment insurance, and assists states in aiding dependent children, the blind, and the aged who do not already qualify for Social Security. FDR signs the Social Security Act, which establishes the Social Security Board (SSB), one of the most far-reaching pieces of legislation in the country's history.
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